Selelekela ho litlhaloso tsa PCIe 5.0

• Selelekela ho litlhaloso tsa PCIe 5.0

Tlhaloso ea PCIe 4.0 e phethiloe ka 2017, empa ha ea ka ea tšehetsoa ke li-platform tsa bareki ho fihlela letoto la AMD la 7nm Rydragon 3000, 'me pele ho moo lihlahisoa tse kang supercomputing, polokelo ea lebelo le phahameng ea sehlopha sa khoebo, le lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang li ne li sebelisa theknoloji ea PCIe 4.0 feela. Leha theknoloji ea PCIe 4.0 e so sebelisoe ka tekanyo e kholo, mokhatlo oa PCI-SIG o ntse o nts'etsapele PCIe 5.0 e potlakileng ka nako e telele, sekhahla sa lets'oao se imenne habeli ho tloha ho 16GT/s ea hona joale ho ea ho 32GT/s, bandwidth e ka fihla ho 128GB/s, 'me tlhaloso ea mofuta oa 0.9/1.0 e phethiloe. Mofuta oa v0.7 oa mongolo o tloaelehileng oa PCIe 6.0 o rometsoe ho litho, 'me nts'etsopele ea standard e ntse e tsoela pele. Sekhahla sa pin sa PCIe 6.0 se ekelitsoe ho 64 GT/s, e leng makhetlo a 8 a fetang a PCIe 3.0, 'me bandwidth liteisheneng tsa x16 e ka ba kholo ho feta 256GB/s. Ka mantsoe a mang, lebelo la hajwale la PCIe 3.0 x8 le hloka kanale e le nngwe feela ya PCIe 6.0 ho e fihlella. Ha e le v0.7, PCIe 6.0 e fihlelletse boholo ba dikarolo tse phatlaladitsweng qalong, empa tshebediso ya matla e ntse e ntlafala le ho feta.d, mme maemo a sa tsoa hlahisa gear ea tlhophiso ea matla a L0p. Ehlile, kamora phatlalatso ka 2021, PCIe 6.0 e ka fumaneha khoebong ka 2023 kapa 2024 kapele ka ho fetisisa. Mohlala, PCIe 5.0 e amohetsoe ka 2019, 'me ke hona joale feela moo ho nang le linyeoe tsa ts'ebeliso.

Ha ho bapisoa le litlhaloso tse tloaelehileng tsa pele, litlhaloso tsa PCIe 4.0 li fihlile morao haholo. Litlhaloso tsa PCIe 3.0 li ile tsa hlahisoa ka 2010, lilemo tse 7 kamora ho hlahisoa ha PCIe 4.0, kahoo bophelo ba litlhaloso tsa PCIe 4.0 bo ka ba bokhutšoanyane. Haholo-holo, barekisi ba bang ba qalile ho rala lisebelisoa tsa PCIe 5.0 PHY tsa 'mele.

Mokhatlo oa PCI-SIG o lebeletse hore maemo ana a mabeli a be teng ka nako e itseng, 'me PCIe 5.0 e sebelisoa haholo-holo bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse sebetsang hantle tse nang le litlhoko tse phahameng tsa ho fetisa, joalo ka Gpus bakeng sa AI, lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang, jj., ho bolelang hore PCIe 5.0 e ka hlaha haholoanyane setsing sa data, marang-rang le libakeng tsa HPC. Lisebelisoa tse nang le litlhoko tse fokolang tsa bandwidth, joalo ka li-desktop, li ka sebelisa PCIe 4.0.

Bakeng sa PCIe 5.0, sekgahla sa lets'oao se eketsehile ho tloha ho PCIe 4.0's 16GT/s ho isa ho 32GT/s, ho ntse ho sebediswa 128/130 encoding, mme bandwidth ya x16 e eketsehile ho tloha ho 64GB/s ho isa ho 128GB/s.

Ntle le ho imena habeli bandwidth, PCIe 5.0 e tlisa diphetoho tse ding, e fetola moralo wa motlakase ho ntlafatsa botshepehi ba matshwao, ho tsamaellana le PCIe morao, le tse ding. Ho phaella moo, PCIe 5.0 e entswe ka maemo a matjha a fokotsang latency le phokotso ya matshwao dibakeng tse telele.

Mokhatlo oa PCI-SIG o lebeletse ho qeta mofuta oa 1.0 oa tlhaloso kotara ea pele selemong sena, empa ba ka nts'etsapele maemo, empa ba ke ke ba laola hore na sesebelisoa sa terminal se hlahisoa neng 'marakeng,' me ho lebelletsoe hore lisebelisoa tsa pele tsa PCIe 5.0 li tla qala ho sebetsa selemong sena, 'me lihlahisoa tse ling li tla hlaha ka 2020. Leha ho le joalo, tlhoko ea lebelo le phahameng e ile ea susumetsa 'mele o tloaelehileng ho hlalosa moloko o latelang oa PCI Express. Sepheo sa PCIe 5.0 ke ho eketsa lebelo la maemo ka nako e khutšoanyane ka ho fetisisa. Ka hona, PCIe 5.0 e etselitsoe ho eketsa lebelo feela ho ea maemong a PCIe 4.0 ntle le likarolo tse ling tse ncha tsa bohlokoa.

Mohlala, PCIe 5.0 ha e tshehetse matshwao a PAM 4 mme e kenyelletsa feela dikarolo tse ntjha tse hlokahalang ho nolofalletsa maemo a PCIe ho tshehetsa 32 GT/s ka nako e kgutshwane ka ho fetisisa.

Liphephetso tsa Hardware

Bothata bo boholo ba ho lokisa sehlahisoa ho tšehetsa PCI Express 5.0 bo tla amana le bolelele ba kanale. Ha sekgahla sa lets'oao se potlakile, maqhubu a mojari a lets'oao a fetisetsoang ka boto ea PC a phahama. Mefuta e 'meli ea tšenyo ea' mele e fokotsa tekanyo eo baenjiniere ba ka jalang matšoao a PCIe ho eona:

· 1. Ho fokotseha ha kanale

· 2. Lipontšo tse hlahang ka har'a kanale ka lebaka la ho se tsitse ha impedance lipineng, lihokelong, masobeng a phunyeletsang le meahong e meng.

Tlhaloso ea PCIe 5.0 e sebelisa likanale tse nang le ho fokotseha ha -36dB ho 16 GHz. Maqhubu a 16 GHz a emela maqhubu a Nyquist bakeng sa matšoao a dijithale a 32 GT/s. Mohlala, ha lets'oao la PCIe5.0 le qala, le ka ba le motlakase o tloaelehileng oa peak-to-peak oa 800 mV. Leha ho le joalo, kamora ho feta ka har'a kanale e khothaletsoang ea -36dB, ho tšoana leha e le hofe le leihlo le bulehileng hoa lahleha. Ke ka ho sebelisa equalization e thehiloeng ho transmitter (de-accentuating) le equalization ea receiver (motsoako oa CTLE le DFE) moo lets'oao la PCIe5.0 le ka fetang ka har'a kanale ea sistimi 'me la hlalosoa ka nepo ke receiver. Bolelele bo fokolang ba leihlo bo lebelletsoeng ba lets'oao la PCIe 5.0 ke 10mV (post-equalization). Esita le ka transmitter e batlang e phethahetse ea low-jitter, ho fokotseha ho hoholo ha kanale ho fokotsa boholo ba lets'oao ho fihlela moo mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa tšenyo ea lets'oao e bakoang ke ho bonahatsa le ho bua ka tsela e fapaneng o ka koaloang ho tsosolosa leihlo.